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Part III:

8. A. Port security is used to prevent unauthorized access to a LAN. B is incorrect because 802.1Q is a VLAN trunking protocol. C and D are used to restrict access to the switch, not to the LAN for which the switch provides connectivity. 9. C. Dynamic, not sticky, learning is the default. A, B, and D are defaults and thus incorrect. 10. D. You should statically define MAC addresses of servers and routers when using port security. A and C are used for user ports. B is a nonexistent learning mode.

Because Sixes anticipate problems and develop ways to prevent problems before these occur if possible, they have highly developed environmental scanning antennae that move very rapidly. Although some solutions come to them instantaneously, other problems usually those that are more complex or have no obvious optimal solution take them longer to consider and resolve.

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User access controls are often the only barrier between unauthorized parties and sensitive or valuable information. This makes the audit of user access controls particularly significant. Auditing user access controls requires keen attention to several key factors and activities in four areas: User access controls, to determine if the controls themselves work as designed User access provisioning, to determine if provisioning processes are effective

Mainframes Minicomputers Print, file servers PCs, workstations NICs Token-Ring only: MAUs/MSAUs CAUs Source route bridges Bridges Concentrators (FDDI) Routers Multiplexers

The test equipment required to verify protocol operation has similar needs to that required during development of the protocol software modules. It should provide the capability to generate, monitor, and respond appropriately to various protocol sequences. This gives a flexible test bed environment that facilitates expression of the expected, and allowable, protocol exchanges. This should be in a form similar to that used within the specifications. It also should be amenable to change, since the requirements of this part of the system often are the least stable. Because it covers the software functionality, it also is the portion most subject to change as further development of a system takes place, and as new capabilities are introduced. It often is useful for the test equipment to be programmable using a number of different notations. This allows for differences in the way various parts of a standard might be specified, and permits the test functions themselves to be verified using alternative implementations. Physical testing can be split into two parts, functional verification and environmental stability. Similarly, the test equipment requirements can be split into two parts. Equipment is required that will observe the performance of the unit to be tested. Usually the system designers will have identified which particular characteristics of an element are most critical for any system. Most tests will be focused on ensuring that operation is happening correctly. In a GSM network, for example, the RF power burst (which carries the digital information across the air interface) is subject to many test variations for both base station and mobile phone elements. The second requirement of the test equipment is the ability to generate the specified test environments. This varies from the relatively simple temperature and vibration/shock variations, through the introduction of interfering signals, and in some cases simulation of the complex interactions and perturbations of the air interface signals due to fading and Doppler effects. When selecting test equipment for these purposes, it is important to pay special attention to its specified capabilities. The performance of the unit under test is what must be measured, not the characteristics of the test equipment. Accurate error estimates at this point are particularly important when testing to specific absolute performance criteria. To reduce the range of error bounds, it is vital to use equipment that has tightly controlled and well-defined capabilities. In general, the requirement for a Type Approval system for a particular element is to provide a functional capability that mimics the requirements defined in the stanDownloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.

tap water and 6.0 mL of 3.0M HCl; 7.0 mL of tap water and 3.0 mL of 3.0M HCl; 9.0 mL of tap water and 1.0 mL of 3.0M HCl. 6. Place each test tube in a 250-mL beaker that contains 150 mL of tap water. 7. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for each test tube.