8: PerformancePoint Deployment and Security in Microsoft

Encoder qrcode in Microsoft 8: PerformancePoint Deployment and Security

Discovery messages are used to announce and maintain the presence of an LSR on the network. An LSR periodically sends Hello messages to other LSRs to indicate its presence on the network. The LSR can use basic discovery or extended discovery. Basic discovery means that LDP Hello messages are sent to the well-known multicast address for all routers on this subnet, which means that the Hello messages are sent only to other routers that are directly connected at the link layer (layer 2). Extended discovery enables an LSR to send Hello messages to routers that are not directly connected at layer 2. Such Hello messages are known as targeted Hello messages and are sent to specific IP addresses that the LSR is aware of (perhaps through configuration data loaded in the LSR). Upon receipt of a Hello message, an LSR can reply with a Hello message of its own. At this point, both LSRs are aware of the other s presence and know each other s IP addresses. Session Management messages are used to establish, maintain, and terminate sessions between LDP peers. Once two LSRs have exchanged Hello messages, they proceed to exchange Initialization messages. An Initialization message includes a number of mandatory and optional parameters. Among the mandatory parameters is the receiver s LDP identifier. Since the LDP common header contains the sender s LDP identifier, the Initialization message effectively contains both LDP identifiers: the sender s and the receiver s. This combination uniquely identifies a relationship between LSRs that began with the exchange of Hello messages. Among the optional parameters of the Initialization message are ATM and Frame Relay address ranges. These values indicate the ATM VPI/VCI or Frame Relay DLCI ranges that can be used if the link between the LSRs uses ATM or Frame Relay. Once two LSRs have exchanged Initialization messages, an LDP session is established between them. Thereafter, the session is maintained through the exchange of LDP PDUs. If an LSR does not receive an LDP PDU after a keep-alive time period, then it will conclude that the connection between the LSRs has failed. In the event that no LDP PDUs need to be sent between LSRs, they can periodically send LDP keep-alive messages to ensure that the LDP session does not time out.

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Deviation from standards are acceptable Can be brought up to standards by REH Cannot be brought up to standards by REH 7. Inadequacy of river opening size or poor stream alignment 8. Maintenance and protection of traf c Hydraulic inadequacy No hydraulic inadequacy Construction staging is feasible Detour is feasible Bridge on new alignment is feasible Temporary structure is feasible

The U.S. government s most powerful law enforcement agency, having a massive, easily searchable fingerprint database potentially corresponding to roughly 15 percent of the nation s law-abiding population, is not without concerns. Searchable civil files combined with the already searchable criminal master file would give the U.S. government the ability to conduct fingerprint searches on about 30 percent of the U.S. population. Many Americans do not trust the government to protect an individual s privacy. As two scholars have noted: [The] history of government programs indicates that privacy rights are violated routinely whenever expediency dictates. 16 One such case includes the U.S. government s use of Census Bureau information to identify Japanese-Americans to be relocated to internment camps during World War II. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which authorized military personnel to detain and relocate persons of Japanese ancestry. An estimated 120,000 people, many of whom were U.S. citizens, were held without judicial review. Within one week (in a precomputer age), the government, using census records, had compiled the names and addresses of all ethnic Japanese living in the United States. There exists a Big Brother or Enemy of the State fear that such a database could be used by the state as a tool of oppression. This fear is based on the belief that an oppressive state needs strong identification means at its disposal to surveil the lives of its citizens. Searchable fingerprint databases are one such

Element Minutes Data Rate Number of Size Streams (Mbits) Formula minutes 60 seconds data rate number of streams

// This won't work! using System; class ExcTypeMismatch { static void Main() { int[] nums = new int[4]; try { Console.WriteLine("Before exception is generated."); // Generate an index out-of-bounds exception. for(int i=0; i < 10; i++) { nums[i] = i; Console.WriteLine("nums[{0}]: {1}", i, nums[i]); } Console.WriteLine("this won't be displayed"); } /* Can't catch an array boundary error with a DivideByZeroException. */ catch (DivideByZeroException) { // Catch the exception. Console.WriteLine("Index out-of-bounds!"); }

Using Table 13-1, we invert this expression and nd that the response as a function of time is 2 1 r (t) = e t u(t) + sin(2t)u(t) 5 5 We have included the unit step function to re ect the fact that the circuit is excited at time t = 0. EXAMPLE 13-14 Consider the circuit shown in Fig. 13-5. If i 0 (t) = e 2t u(t), i(0) = 1 A, and v(0) = 2 V, write a matrix equation that separates the zero-input and zero-state responses for the circuit in the s domain. SOLUTION Before describing the problem in terms of Laplace transforms, we use KVL and KCL to determine the equations for the unknowns i(t) and v(t). First, we apply KVL to the loop in the rightmost pane of the circuit. We nd v(t) 6 di =0 dt