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To have the condition where the phase angle of R is the same as the phase angle of E, the phase angle of H must be zero. Another way to look at this is to

By default, C and C++ pass arguments to a function using call-by-value. Passing an argument using call-by-value causes a copy of that argument to be used by the function and prevents the argument used in the call from being modified by the function. In C (and optionally in C++), when a function needs to be able to alter the values of the variables used as arguments, the parameters must be explicitly declared as pointer types and the function must operate on the calling variables using the * pointer operator. For example, the following program implements a function called swap( ), which exchanges the values of its two integer arguments:

The symbol is called an integral sign (the symbol is in fact an elongated S ) and the symbol dx plays a traditional role to remind us what the variable is. We call an expression like f (x) dx

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UDP performs a very simple function. At the sending end, it simply passes individual pieces of data from an application to IP to be routed to the far end. At the receiving end, it simply passes incoming pieces of data from IP to the appropriate application. Unlike TCP, UDP provides no acknowledgment functionality. Therefore, no guarantee exists that anything sent from an application that uses UDP will actually get to the desired destination. UDP is inherently unreliable. Why, then, should there be any interest in using UDP instead of using a more reliable protocol, such as TCP The answer is that many applications require a quick one-shot transmission of a piece of data or a simple request/response. An example is the Domain Name System (DNS), where a client sends a domain name to a domain name server, which responds with an IP address. The establishment and teardown of a TCP connection just for the sake of such a simple transaction would be wasteful and cumbersome. What happens if a UDP packet is lost If the application expects a reply to a particular request and does not get one within a reasonable period of time, then the application should retransmit the request. Of course, this could then lead to the far end receiving two requests. In such situations, it would be a smart thing for the application itself to include a request identifier within the data to enable duplicates to be recognized. Figure 2-10 shows the format of the UDP header. As is the case for TCP, the header contains source and destination port numbers. The source port number is optional and should be used when the sending application expects a response. If not used, then a value of zero is inserted. One should note that a TCP port number of a given value and a UDP port number of the same value represent different ports. Thus, if two applications are running at the same time on a given host (one using UDP and one using TCP), both applications can use the same port number without risk of data being sent to the wrong application. In the UDP header, we also notice a length field that gives the total length of the datagram, including the header and the user data. The checksum gives the 16-bit 1 s complement sum of the header, the data, and a

When you click the VPN tab in the left pane, you can display statistics related to VPN sessions and tunnels: Easy VPN Remotes, L2L connections, L2TP sessions, and WebVPN (clientless and AnyConnect) sessions. As an example (see Figure 27-33), I went to Monitoring | VPN | VPN Statistics | Sessions. At the top is a summary of the VPN sessions connected to the appliance. In the Filter By drop-down selector in the middle pane, I qualified the output to just WebVPN clientless sessions, of which currently one session is active.

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Fig. 1-14 2. Now, make the shift in axes with the definitions Y = y - 3 , and X = x + 2 . The origin of the "new" coordinate axes is (-2,3). Determining the origin from these defining equations helps to prevent scrambling the (-2,3) and getting the origin in the wrong place. The values (-2,3) make X and Y zero and this is the apex of the curve Y = X 2 on the new coordinate axes.

// Reverse a string. StrMod Reverse = s => { string temp = ""; int i, j; Console.WriteLine("Reversing string."); for(j=0, i=s.Length-1; i >= 0; i--, j++) temp += s[i]; return temp; }; string str; // Call methods through the delegate. StrMod strOp = ReplaceSpaces; str = strOp("This is a test."); Console.WriteLine("Resulting string: " + str); Console.WriteLine(); strOp = RemoveSpaces; str = strOp("This is a test."); Console.WriteLine("Resulting string: " + str); Console.WriteLine(); strOp = Reverse; str = strOp("This is a test.");

Figure 18.5 Specification budget to set manufacturing test limit. There will be a natural spread in the performance of manufactured products, caused by component tolerance variations. The measurement uncertainty affects where the manufacturing test line limit is set. It is important to guarantee passing the full environmental and room temperature specifications. A bigger measurement uncertainty means that for a given spread of product performance, fewer are guaranteed to pass.