ONE CHAPTER TWO CHAPTER THREE CHAPTER FOUR v in Software

Draw pdf417 in Software ONE CHAPTER TWO CHAPTER THREE CHAPTER FOUR v

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the option cannot be justi ed. When the option expires, the position is removed from the account and the entire premium paid by the option buyer is lost which in turn means the option writer has retained the entire premium paid by the buyer. When an option is exercised, it means that the option is converted into the underlying instrument. If it is a typical U.S. stock option, then it represents 100 shares of the underlying stock. If the option is exercised, the investor is now responsible for the nancial aspect of the 100 shares of stock. Options on U.S. futures contracts typically represent one futures contract. If the option is exercised, then the nancial rami cations of the underlying futures position are realized, good or bad. In-the-money or at-the-money options are typically automatically exercised by the exchange, although it is standard practice with U.S. equity options to make certain that an at-the-money option is at least 1/2 point in the money, (1/4 point for institutional investors) to allow for covering the costs of trading. Futures markets do not have a standard for covering trading expenses. If your option is at the money, the option will most likely be exercised even if the costs of trading cause you to lose on the position. There are two different styles of options used in the market with respect to expiration. In a European style option, the option cannot be exercised prior to the expiration date. This style of option does not carry the risk to the writer of the buyer exercising the option ahead of expiration. American style options can be exercised at any time during the life of the option. This typically happens only on options that are deep in the money meaning that they are so far in the money that there is little or no time value remaining, but it is possible that an option may be exercised at any time and at the buyer s discretion . If an option is exercised

In this chapter, the disorders of the automatic, static, postural, and other less modi able motor activities of the nervous system are discussed. They are believed, on good evidence, to be an expression of the extrapyramidal motor system, meaning according to S. A. K. Wilson, who introduced this term the motor structures of the basal ganglia and certain related thalamic and brainstem nuclei. In health, the activities of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are blended with and modulate the corticospinal and corticalbrainstem-spinal systems. The static postural activities of the former are indispensable to the voluntary movements of the latter. The close association of the basal ganglia and corticospinal systems becomes evident in the course of many forms of neurologic disease. Cerebral lesions that involve the corticospinal tracts result not only in a contralateral paralysis of volitional movements but also in a xed posture or attitude in which the arm is exed and the leg extended (predilection of Wernicke-Mann or hemiplegic dystonia of Denny-Brown). Also, as noted in Chap. 3, interruption of the motor projections by a lesion in the upper pons or midbrain may release a posture in which all four limbs or the arm and leg on one side are extended and the cervical and thoracolumbar portions of the spine are hyperextended (decerebrate rigidity). In these released motor patterns, one has evidence of labyrinthine, tonic neck, and other postural re exes that are mediated through nonpyramidal bulbospinal and other brainstem motor systems. Observations such as these and the anatomic data presented in Chap. 3 have blurred the classic distinctions between pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor systems. Nevertheless, this division remains a useful if not an essential concept in clinical work, since it compels a distinction between several motor syndromes one that is characterized by a loss of volitional movement accompanied by spasticity; a second by akinesia, rigidity, and tremor without loss of voluntary movement; a third by involuntary movements (choreoathetosis and dystonia); and yet another by incoordination (ataxia). The clinical differences between corticospinal and extrapyramidal syndromes are summarized in Table 4-1. Much of the criticism of the pyramidal-extrapyramidal concept derives from the terms themselves. The ambiguity related to the term pyramidal was discussed in Chap. 3, in which it was pointed out that pure pyramidal lesions do not cause total paralysis; when the latter exists, there is always some degree of involvement of other descending motor pathways as well. The term extrapyramidal is equally imprecise. Strictly interpreted, it refers to all the motor pathways except the pyramidal one, making this term so allembracing as to be practically meaningless. The concept of an extrapyramidal motor system becomes more meaningful if it is subdivided into two parts: (1) the striatopallidonigral system (basal ganglia) and (2) the cerebellum. These parts function very differently in the control of movement and posture, and disease in each 55

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To move a file, use the move command, identify the file you re moving by its name and folder, and tell AppleScript where you want to put it. For example, the following tell block moves the file named Invoices from the ~/Documents/Money/ folder to the ~/Desktop/ Sort/ folder:

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