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Creating well-formed XML documents is one part of the story. The other part is whether these documents adhere to an agreed structure, or schema. That is where Document Type Definitions (DTDs) and XML schemas come into the picture. DTDs and XML schemas allow you to convey the structure of your XML document to others. For example, if I tell you to create an XML file, what structure will you follow What is the guarantee that the structure that you create is the one that I have in mind The problem is solved if I give you a DTD or schema for the document. Then, you have the exact idea as to how the document should look and what its elements, attributes, and nesting are. The XML documents that conform to some DTD or XML schema are called valid documents. Note that an XML document can be well formed, but it may not be valid if it doesn t have an associated DTD or schema. DTDs are an older way to validate XML documents. Nowadays, XML schemas are more commonly used to validate XML documents because of the advantages they offer. You will learn about the advantages of schemas over DTDs in 5. Throughout our discussion, when I talk about validating XML documents, I will be referring to XML schemas.

Boolean value indicating success or failure of call. This is not a success/failure indicating the result of the call, but an actual indicator of whether or not the call was made. If an exception was thrown, or an administrator canceled the process, this value would be returned as false. If the call was made, regardless of the outcome, this value will be returned as true. The text of the exception message (if an exception was thrown). The base exception type (if an exception was thrown). The full stack trace thrown (if an exception was thrown). If the response from the task is a single simple type parameter (such as a string, integer, and so on), this parameter can be used. It is a distinguished field and can be easily accessed. This is a repeating node allowing for multiple output parameters. Use this structure when multiple output parameters are needed. Values can be set and accessed using XPath queries in the Task Processing orchestration (see the demonstration for examples). Name: Name of the parameter. Type: The parameter type (integer, string, and so on). This parameter is not required. Value: The value of the parameter. The XPath query can find the Value based on the Name. This <Any> element can be populated with any type of XML document that may need to be passed back from the Task Processing orchestration. There can be multiple XMLParameter values passed. See the demonstration for examples of how this parameter can be populated and read.

Now that we have made your application capable of making a service call and retrieving employee s information. Without modifying GetEmployeesInfoTester, you run the test runner and should get a green light, as shown in Figure 1-22.

12. Highlight the three Button controls and set the following properties: FontFamily: Verdana FontSize: 11 Width: 75 Margin: 5,5,5,5

In this section, you will learn how to create a simple task, including invoking it from your project file. This simple task will be HelloTask. The HelloTask task will accept an assembly name as its input, prepend HelloTask:, and return it to the target that called it. To do this, your task must be able to accept an input and be able to create an output. Generally, creating a task involves three general steps: 1. Specify the task in your project file. 2. Write the .NET class behind the task. 3. Specify in the project file where the task can be found. Now you will dissect these steps and create your first custom task! You first need to specify the task in your project file. Since you know you will pass in the assembly name, it should depend on the Compile target, and you want to print the result to the console. Insert the following target into the project file: <Target Name="DoHelloTask" DependsOnTargets="Compile"> <HelloTask TheAssembly="@(IntermediateAssembly->'%(FullPath)') " > <Output TaskParameter="HelloOutput" PropertyName="HelloTaskString" /> </HelloTask> <!-- Now print out the task output --> <Message Text="$(HelloTaskString)"/> </Target> You have just created a new target, DoHelloTarget, that depends on the Compile target and calls a custom task, the HelloTask task. This task has one input, TheAssembly. TheAssembly has been passed the value of "@(IntermediateAssembly->'%(FullPath)')". Previously we used IntermediateAssembly, but this time you have specified you would like FullPath to be passed into the task. (We will discuss other operations that can be performed in later chapters.) The output for the HelloTask task is defined by the <Output TaskParameter="HelloOutput" PropertyName="HelloTaskString" /> line. Since tasks are implemented in code, MSBuild must have a mechanism to determine what the inputs and outputs are. Inputs and outputs are properties of those classes. The inputs of your task are attributes of the task element. The names of these attributes must be the same as their corresponding properties in the implementing class. The outputs must be specified inside an Output tag, and the value of its PropertyName attribute must be the same as the name of the corresponding class. The TaskParameter attribute of the Output element is the name used to refer to this value in the MSBuild project file(s). You are finished with the first step, so now you will move on to the next one.

These conversions are all unchecked in the sense that they won t raise exceptions. Again, the Microsoft.FSharp.Core.Operators.Checked module has corresponding definitions of these operators. An alternative is to use the .NET static methods contained in the type System.Convert, such as System.Convert.ToDouble( ). These do perform checking, which means they raise an exception if the source number can t be represented within the numeric range of the target type. As with many .NET constructs, uses of System.Convert methods may require type annotations to resolve overloading, discussed further in s 5 and 6.

Symbol that, in the context of file management, refers to the parent directory of that currently being browsed.

Open Visual Studio, and use the following steps to create a Windows application project; please refer to Figure 10-2 from the Access report exercise for an illustration of this process: 1. Click File New Project, or you can press the hot key Ctrl+Shift+N. 2. In the Project types pane of the New Project dialog box, select Visual C# Windows. 3. In the Templates pane, select Windows Application. 4. Please give a name to the application; I ve called the project XMLReport. You may choose a different location for storing the application files according to your preference. 5. Click the OK button to finish the process. Visual Studio will create a new Windows application project. You ll also notice that a new form with the name Form1 is part of the project.

t first sight, you might think that there couldn t be a lot to say about tablescans, but you may be in for a surprise. Since the cost calculations for tablescans are nice and simple, I thought I d use them in this early chapter to demonstrate the four different strategies for cost based optimization that have evolved over the years, briefly outlined here: Traditional: Simple counting of read requests System statistics (1): Accounting for size and time of read requests System statistics (2): Accounting for CPU costs, and size and time of read requests System statistics (3): Accounting for caching, CPU costs, and size and time of read requests The traditional method appeared in Oracle 7, and has been enhanced continuously since. Some of the more serious drawbacks, particularly the failure to account for caching and variable I/O costs, were partially addressed in 8i. I will be saying more about those fixes in 4. The use of system statistics (CPU costing) appeared in 9i, and is still undergoing enhancement in 10g. The normal variant of system statistics is number 2 in our list accounting for CPU costs and variable I/O costs. The option to disable just the CPU component of system statistics is available through an undocumented parameter whose effects seem to vary with version of Oracle. And the potential for including caching effects appears in 10g but has to be enabled through an undocumented parameter, and is therefore an assumption I am making about future directions, not a fact. As you can see, the Oracle kernel code has been extended to become more aware of the environment that it is running in, which should make it better able to produce the most appropriate execution plan for the moment that the query is optimized. Once you ve worked through all four variations that Oracle has to offer, you might think you know all there is to know about the different methods of calculating the costs of a tablescan. But you ve only just begun remember that an index fast full scan is really just a variant on the tablescan idea; think about the fact that there may be some anomalies introduced by automatic segment space management (ASSM); and consider that tablescans can be performed using parallel execution, and might involve partitioned tables.