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The portlet can determine which window state the portlet is currently being displayed in with the getWindowState() method on the PortletRequest interface. The getWindowState() method returns a WindowState object that represents either one of the standard window states or a custom window state:

display how many processes are at an existing status at a given time. In this example, a progress dimension will display how many processes are in the middle of execution, how many encountered an exception, or how many processed without an exception. Table 11 4 lists the milestones and stages created in this example.

Next, click on the add icon (indicated by a +) and then add NEW from the list of available directories. The Default node will always be first in the search path and can t be removed. If accounts happen to be in multiple nodes, the one that appears higher in the Search Policy will be authenticated first. Therefore, keep in mind that if you have an account called corpadmin in your Default local directory service node, one in Active Directory (which we will cover in 3), and one in your secondary local directory service node, the one in the Default directory service node will always be utilized for lookups and authentication; the other nodes will never be consulted.

Click Next and then Finish, completing the wizard. When you complete the wizard, notice that BizTalk creates two artifacts for you: the BizTalk orchestration and SQLService.xsd.

Recursion is powerful but not always the ideal way to encode either data manipulations or control constructs, at least if other techniques are readily available. For example, the previous program could be implemented using a for loop, as explained in 4, which would be clearer. Likewise, you should typically avoid explicit recursion if an operator is available that captures the pattern of recursion being used. For example, many explicit loops and recursive functions can be replaced by uses of functions such as List.map and Array.map. A typical error with recursion is to forget to decrement a variable at the recursive call. For example, we incorrectly entered the following nonterminating function when writing this chapter: let rec badFactorial n = if n <= 0 then 1 else n * badFactorial n You should always check your recursive calls to ensure that the function is tending toward termination that is, that the arguments are approaching the base case. This is called well-founded recursion. You can define multiple recursive functions simultaneously by separating the definitions with and. These are called mutually recursive functions. For example: let rec even n = (n = 0u) || odd(n-1u) and odd n = (n <> 0u) && even(n-1u) This gives the following types: val even : uint32 -> bool val odd : uint32 -> bool Of course, a more efficient, nonrecursive implementation of these is available! let even (n:uint32) = (n % 2u) = 0u let odd (n:uint32) = (n % 2u) = 1u You must sometimes take care with recursive functions to ensure that they re tail recursive, or else the computation stack of your program may be exhausted by large inputs. This is particularly important for library functions or functions that operate over large data structures with very large numbers of recursive calls. Indeed, the implementation of length shown previously isn t tail recursive. 8 discusses tail recursion in depth.

can be downloaded via Synaptic Package Manager (to learn about software installation, see 28).

With design elements and proper references in place, you are ready to add code to the application. In this walkthrough, you will split the code into multiple functions for enhanced readability. 1. Open MainPage.xaml.cs (by clicking MainPage.xaml and selecting View Code) and add the following using statements to the top of the page:

The output of the preceding read command would then give you the following output:

DVD/CD Master formatted disk image is actually written to disk as an ISO compatible format. That is, you can change the .dmg file extension that is used on these disk images can be changed to .iso, and the image file can be processed by cross-platform disk utilities, such as those used in Linux or Windows. This does not necessarily mean that the data from such a disk image can be mounted and read on other platforms, the underlying volume format might still be the Mac-specific HFS+ format, and thereby undecipherable to a foreign OS, but the image itself can be written to CD or DVD and then read on a Mac. The third option, Sparse disk image, is a more approachable format. A sparse disk image is a growable image that occupies only as much data on disk as is present on its underlying volume. The image size specified at image creation time (see Figure 9 8) therefore represents only the maximum size of the image volume, not the size of the image file itself. Therefore the creation of a sparse image file that is given a size of 500MB will first result in an image file that contains only minimal formatting and partitioning data written to disk with a .sparseimage file extension (rather than .dmg). The initial file size will differ based upon the maximum size of the disk image. In the case of a 500MB volume, the initial file will be roughly 10MB. The image file will grow as data is added to it, up to a ceiling of 500MB. For a larger volume, say 2TB, the initial image size will be roughly 1GB. Because of the dynamic nature of sparse images, they are very well suited for a general-purpose file store. The disk image can be created, a defined folder hierarchy can be established on its volume, and files can be added to it on an asneeded basis. Because the image file will only consume as much space on disk as the data that it contains, a high ceiling can be set on the disk image at creation time, such as 8GB, and the disk image will grow as needed without unnecessarily consuming disk space. There are a few side effects to this aspect, but we ll dig into those details a bit later on (see section Limitations of Sparse Images and Reclaiming Space, later on in this chapter). Because of their dynamic nature for most purposes, a sparse image file will be the go-to option. NOTE: Volumes residing on a sparse disk image cannot be resized; therefore, it is a good idea to be somewhat liberal when setting the size of the volume. It also is not a great idea to specify a size that is overly large, as it will result in lost space due to partitioning and formatting overhead on the image file. The last option, Sparse bundle disk image, is a different take on a sparse disk image. Like a sparse image, a sparse bundle will grow as needed based upon the content of its volume (up to the size specified at image creation). The difference between the two lies in the way that a sparse bundle is written to disk. Instead of creating a single monolithic file to represent all contents of its virtual volume as a sparse image does, a sparse bundle actually writes its data to disk in the form of directory that contains multiple files. Each of these files, referred to as a band, only contains a small subset of data within the disk image volume. As new data is written to the sparse image, new bands will be created as needed. When existing data is altered on the volume, only the bands that hold the contents of that file will change on disk.

Screen objects form the building blocks for CLDC applications. CLDC screens are located in the net.rim.device.api.ui package, and they are completely different from the MIDlet screens located in the javax.microedition.lcdui package. A Screen typically contains one or more displayable items, and also performs specialized logic related to those items. If you were writing a calendar app, you might use one screen to show the entire calendar view, another screen for creating new appointments, and a third screen to view previously entered appointments. Each screen would offer different options depending on its purpose. An app is composed of screens, and each screen is composed of fields. A CLDC Field is roughly analogous to a MIDlet Item. RIM offers a rich set of standard fields for things like displaying images and text, and even more advanced fields for displaying things like maps. One specialized type of Field is the Manager. A Manager controls the appearance and behavior for its own children fields. One Manager may lay out its children horizontally, another vertically, and another as a grid. By using managers, you can create elaborate and attractive user interfaces. You can also subclass Field, Manager, or any other class to add your own desired functions and appearance. For example, you might override DateField in your calendar app to create dates that fit in with the visual style of your app, and you might add custom functions to immediately display appointments when the user selects a date. In the most extreme cases, you may choose to override the paint() method for a Screen or a Field. This will allow you unlimited control over the look of your app. However, the existing Field implementations look quite good, and most allow ways that you can easily customize them. You can create attractive apps by sticking to the default toolkit.