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Compiling scripts can also be done from files, or more specifically, from Reader strings. Compilation is most beneficial for both large code blocks and those that execute repeatedly.

CHAPTER 7 USING THE ASP.NET AJAX CONTROL TOOLKIT (PART 1)

You can check for updated software and install updated operating system (iOS) software using iTunes. NOTE: Do this update when you won t mind being without your iPod touch for 30 minutes or more, depending on the amount of information on your iPod touch and the speed of your computer and Internet connection.

Figure 9-12. Transformation matrix to translate ten units to the right In general, the result of multiplying a point (technically a vector) by the matrix is (x * M11 + y * M12 + offsetX), (x * M21 + y * M22 + offsetY). There is a special matrix, known as the identity matrix, where M11 = 1, M12 = 0, M21 = 0, and M22 = 1, and OffsetX and OffsetY are 0. If you multiply any (x,y) point by the identity matrix, you ll get the same point again, provided that OffsetX and OffsetY are 0. (Go ahead and try this on a piece of paper.) This identity matrix is important because it is the default configuration of the matrix. We can skew both coordinates and translate the element at the same time by specifying OffsetX and the M12 and M21 properties as follows: <Rectangle Stroke="Crimson" Fill="Crimson" Width="50" Height="50"> <Rectangle.RenderTransform> <MatrixTransform> <MatrixTransform.Matrix> <Matrix OffsetX="-10" M12="0.5" M21="0.5"/> </MatrixTransform.Matrix> </MatrixTransform> </Rectangle.RenderTransform> </Rectangle> From left to right, Figure 9-13 shows our normal rectangle, the rectangle translated right using a matrix, and the rectangle skewed and translated at the same time.

LINQ is a new feature of C# and Visual Basic .NET that integrates into these languages the ability to query data. In a relational database system, data is organized into nicely normalized tables, and accessed with a very simple but powerful query language SQL. SQL can work with any set of data in a database because the data is organized into tables, following strict rules. In a program, as opposed to a database, however, data is stored in class objects or structs that are all vastly different. As a result, there has been no general query language for retrieving data from data structures. The method of retrieving data from objects has always been customdesigned as part of the program. With the introduction of LINQ in C# 3.0, however, the ability to query collections of objects has been added to the language. The following are the important high-level characteristics of LINQ: LINQ (pronounced link) stands for Language Integrated Query. LINQ is an extension of the .NET Framework that allows you to query collections of data in a manner similar to database queries. C# 3.0 includes extensions that integrate LINQ into the language, allowing you to query data from databases, collections of program objects, and XML documents. The following code shows a simple example of using LINQ. In this code, the data source being queried is simply an array of ints. The definition of the query is the statement with the from and select keywords. Although the query is defined in this statement, it is actually performed and used in the foreach statement at the bottom. static void Main() { int[] numbers = { 2, 12, 5, 15 }; IEnumerable<int> lowNums = from n in numbers where n < 10 select n; foreach (var x in lowNums) Console.Write("{0}, ", x); } This code produces the following output:

In addition to the common members described earlier, there are additional members available in the float, double, and decimal types. The additional members for float and double are similar, as described by Table 5-9. Table 5-9. Additional Members of the float and double Types