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It d be improper to think that em is just another way to say italic and strong is another way to say bold In the old scheme, after you define something as italic, you re pretty much stuck with that The XHTML way describes the meaning, and you can define it however you want

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Modifying the display of em and strong

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Figure 3-3 shows how you might modify the levels of emphasis I used yellow highlighting (without italics) for em and a larger red font for strong The code for emphasisStylehtml (as shown in Figure 3-3) is identical to the code for emphasishtml (as shown in Figure 3-2) The only difference is the addition of a style sheet The style sheet is embedded in the Web page between style tags Check out 1 of this minibook for a refresher on how to incorporate CSS styles in your Web pages

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Using Emphasis and Strong Emphasis

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The style is used to modify the XHTML The meaning in the XHTML stays the same only the style changes The semantic markups are more useful than the older (more literal) tags because they still tell the truth even if the style has been changed (In the XHTML code, the important thing is whether the text is emphasized, not what it means to emphasize the text That job belongs to CSS) What s funny about the following sentence <strong> is always bold Get it That s a bold-faced lie! Sometimes I crack myself up

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Figure 3-3: You can change the way that em and strong modify text

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Defining Classes

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You can easily apply a style to all the elements of a particular type in a page, but sometimes you might want to have tighter control of your styles For example, you might want to have more than one paragraph style As an example, take a look at the classeshtml page featured in Figure 3-4 Once again, multiple formats are on this page: Questions have a large italic sans serif font There s more than one question Answers are smaller, blue, and in a cursive font There s more than one answer, too Questions and answers are all paragraphs, so you can t simply style the paragraph because you need two distinct styles There s more than one question and more than one answer, so the ID trick would be problematic Two different elements can t have the same ID you don t want to create more than one identical definition This is where the notion of classes comes into play

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Selectors, Class, and Style

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Figure 3-4: Each joke has a question and an answer

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Adding classes to the page

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CSS allows you to define classes in your XHTML and make style definitions that are applied across a class It works like this:

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1 Add the class attribute to your XHTML questions

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Unlike ID, several elements can share the same class All my questions are defined with this variation of the <p> tag Setting the class to question indicates these paragraphs will be styled as questions:

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<p class = question > What kind of cow lives in the Arctic </p>

2 Add similar class attributes to the answers by setting the class of the

answers to answer:

<p class = answer > An Eskimoo! </p>

Now you have two different subclasses of paragraph: question and answer

3 Create a class style for the questions

The class style is defined in CSS Specify a class with the period () before the class name Classes are defined in CSS like this:

In this situation, the question class is defined as a large sans-serif font aligned to the left

4 Define the look of the answers

The answer class uses a right-justified cursive font

answer { font: 120% Comic Sans MS , cursive; text-align: right; color: #00F; } </style>

Combining classes

Here s the code for the classeshtml page, showing how to uses CSS classes:

Defining Classes

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC -//W3C//DTD XHTML 10 Strict//EN http://wwww3org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strictdtd > <html lang= EN dir= ltr xmlns= http://wwww3org/1999/xhtml > <head> <meta http-equiv= content-type content= text/xml; charset=utf-8 /> <title>classeshtml</title> <style type = text/css > question { font: italic 150% arial, sans-serif; text-align: left; } answer { font: 120% Comic Sans MS , cursive; text-align: right; color: #00F; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>My five-year-old s favorite jokes</h1> <p class = question > What kind of cow lives in the Arctic </p> <p class = answer > An Eskimoo! </p> <p class = question > What goes on top of a dog house </p> <p class = answer > The woof! </p> </body> </html>

Book II 3 in Java Maker PDF417 in Java Book II 3

Book II 3 in Java

Maker PDF417 in Java Book II 3