Part IV: Integrating Scripts with HTML in Java

Print Code 3/9 in Java Part IV: Integrating Scripts with HTML

Part IV: Integrating Scripts with HTML

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Figure 14-3: A free subscription form collects basic information

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Figure 14-4: An online car loan site uses many detailed forms to collect necessary data

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Creating Forms

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HTML form markup tags and attributes can Define the overall form structure Every form has the same basic structure Tell the Web browser how to handle the form data

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14: Working with Forms

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Create input objects (such as text fields and drop-down lists) Which input elements you use depends on the data you re collecting

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Structure

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All of the input elements associated with a single form are Contained within a <form> tag Processed by the same form handler A form handler is a program on the Web server (or a simple mailto URL) that manages the data a user sends to you through the form A Web browser can only gather information through forms; it doesn t know what to do with the information once it has it You must provide some other mechanism to actually do something useful with the data you collect This chapter covers form handlers in detail later

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Attributes

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You always use these two key attributes with the <form> tag:

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action: The URL of the form handler method: How you want the form data to be sent to the form handler

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Your form handler dictates which of these values to use for method: get sends the form data to the form handler on the URL post sends the form data in the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) header Webmonkey offers a good overview of the difference between get and

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post in its Good Forms article:

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http://hotwiredlycoscom/webmonkey/99/30/index4a_page3html

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Markup

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The markup in Listing 14-1 creates a form that uses the post method to send user-entered information to a form handler (guestbookcgi) to be processed on the Web server

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Listing 14-1:

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A Simple Form Processed by a Form Handler

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC -//W3C//DTD XHTML 10 Transitional//EN http://wwww3org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitionaldtd > <html xmlns= http://wwww3org/1999/xhtml > <head> <title>Forms</title> (continued)

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Part IV: Integrating Scripts with HTML

The value of the action attribute is a URL, so you can use absolute or relative URLs to point to a form handler on your server

Input tags

The tags you use to solicit input from your site visitors make up the bulk of any form HTML supports a variety of different input options from text fields to radio buttons and from files to images Every input control associates some value with a name: When you create the control, you give it a name The control sends back a value based on what the user does in the form For example, if you create a text field that collects a user s first name, you might name the field firstname When the user types his or her first name in the field and submits the form, the value associated with firstname is whatever name the user typed in the field The whole point of a form is to gather values associated with input controls, so the way you set the name and value for each control is important The following sections explain how you should work with names and values for each of the input controls

Input fields

You can use a variety of input fields in your forms For input elements that require a user to select an option (such as a check box or radio button), rather than typing something into a field, you define both the name and the value When the user selects a box or a button and clicks the Submit button, the form returns the name and value assigned to the element

14: Working with Forms

Text

Text fields are single-line fields that users can type information into You use the <input /> element to define a text field and the type attribute with a value of text

You use the name attribute to give the input field a name

The user supplies the value when he or she types in the field This markup creates two text input fields one for a first name and one for a last name:

<form action= cgi-bin/guestbookcgi action= post > <p>First Name: <input type= text name= firstname /></p> <p>Last Name: <input type= text name= lastname /></p> </form>

In addition to the <input /> elements, the preceding markup includes paragraph (<p>) elements and some text to label each of the fields By themselves, most form elements won t give the user many clues about the type of information you want You also must use HTML block and inline elements to format the appearance of your form Figure 14-5 shows how a browser displays this HTML

Part IV: Integrating Scripts with HTML in Java Print Code 3/9 in Java Part IV: Integrating Scripts with HTML

Part IV: Integrating Scripts with HTML in Java

Print Code 3/9 in Java Part IV: Integrating Scripts with HTML