Calling a Function in Java

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Calling a Function

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC -//W3C//DTD XHTML 10 Transitional//EN http://wwww3org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitionaldtd > <html xmlns= http://wwww3org/1999/xhtml > <head> <title>Function calling</title> <script language= javascript type= text/javascript > function saySomething(message) { alert(message) } </script> </head> (continued)

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Part IV: Integrating Scripts with HTML

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Listing 13-6 (continued)

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<body> <h2>Famous Quotes</h2> <hr /> <form action= # > <input type= button value= George Orwell onclick= saySomething( To write or even speak English is not a science but an art ) /> <input type= button value= Arthur Conan Doyle onclick= saySomething( We cannot command our love, but we can our actions ) /> <input type= button value= HG Wells onclick= saySomething( If we do not end war, war will end us ) /> </form> </body> </html>

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The result of this script is shown in Figure 13-3

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Figure 13-3: An alert pops up as a result of clicking the HG Wells button

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In the script, when the user clicks one of the buttons on the page, the say Something function is called and is passed the information in quotes, which the function stores in the variable message The function then displays the alert, with the value of message, which is the quotation it was passed

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Arrays

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An array is a collection of values Arrays are useful because you can use them to manipulate and sort groups of things

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13: The Nuts and Bolts of JavaScript

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The location of information in an array is based on a numbered position called the index The numbering of the index always starts at 0 and goes up JavaScript has a special object the Array object just to handle arrays

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Creating arrays

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To create an instance of an array, you must use the new operator along with the Array object, like this:

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x = new Array()

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You can fill in the array when you create the Array object, separating the array elements with commas, like so:

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theDays = new Array( Monday , Tuesday , Wednesday , Thursday , Friday , Saturday , Sunday )

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Accessing arrays

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Once the array has been created, you can write to it and read from it by using the [] operator By placing a position number in this operator, you can access the data stored at that index number For example, the value of theDays[2] in the preceding example is Wednesday (array positions always begin with 0, so Monday is 0)

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Reading elements

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To read an element from an array, create a variable and assign it a value from the array, like this:

thisDay = theDays[6]

The value of thisDay is now Sunday

Writing elements

To write a value to the array, follow these steps: 1 Identify the index of the value you want to change 2 Assign a new value to the array element, like this:

theDays[0] = Mon

Looping

All arrays have a length property, which is very useful for discovering how many elements the array contains, and is often used to loop through the array elements, like this example:

Part IV: Integrating Scripts with HTML

planets = new Array ( Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars ) for (i = 0; i < planetslength; i++) alert (planets[i]);

This causes the browser to display a series of four alert boxes, each containing one of the names of the planets array The value of planetslength is 3 (since numbering starts at 0), and the script steps through each element of the array until the value of the counting variable i is greater than 3, at which time the script ends

Objects

Most JavaScript scripts are designed to give life to objects that exist inside your browser A rollover brings an image link to life A validated e-mail address field is smart about what kind of e-mail address it will accept A document displays new text on the fly based on a response from the Web page visitor Within JavaScript, you work with a variety of objects, such as the browser window, a button, a form field, an image, or even the document itself Because JavaScript s primary calling is to work with objects, the scripting language is called an object-based language Think, for a moment, of an object that exists in the real world, such as a car or an MP3 player Each of these objects has characteristics that describe the object, such as its color, weight, and height Many objects also have a behavior that can be triggered A car can be started; an MP3 player can be played These real-world analogies can be applied to JavaScript Objects you work with have descriptive qualities (called properties) and behaviors (called methods) For example, a document object represents the HTML page in your browser It has properties, such as linkColor, title, and location, as well as methods, such as open(), clear(), and write() (Methods always have parentheses following their names) JavaScript uses periods (or dots) to access an object s properties or methods:

objectproperty objectmethod()

For example, to get the title of the document and assign it to a variable, you write this:

Calling a Function in Java Encoder Code 3 of 9 in Java Calling a Function

Calling a Function in Java

Encoder Code 3 of 9 in Java Calling a Function