The maximum of 1 and 2 is 2 The maximum of 15 and 25 is 25 Press any key to continue in .NET framework

Print PDF-417 2d barcode in .NET framework The maximum of 1 and 2 is 2 The maximum of 15 and 25 is 25 Press any key to continue

Be very careful about terminology For example, I m a hip, bad bicyclist, which is not the same thing as a bad hip bicyclist Here s another example: A template function is not a function The prototype for a template function is maximum<T>(T, T) The function that this template creates when T is int is the function (not template function) maximum(int, int) Your life will be easier if you remember to keep the terms straight Notice that the following won t work:

double d = max(1, 20);

The problem is that the type of the first argument and that of the second don t match The type of the arguments must match the template function maximum<T>(T, T) declaration exactly The example expression would match a template function maximum<T1, T2>(T1, T2) C++ could replace type T1 with int and T2 with double You can force the instantiation of a template by providing a prototype decla ration In general, this is safer anyway:

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C++ can t compile a template function until the template is expanded into a real function If your template function has compile errors, you probably won t know it until you instantiate the template function

C++ also allows the programmer to define template classes A template class follows the same principle of using a conventional class definition with a placeholder for some unknown support classes For example, the following TemplateVector program creates a vector for any class that the user provides (a vector is a type of container in which the objects are stored in a row; an array is the classic vector example)

// TemplateVector - implement a vector that uses a template // type #include <cstdlib> #include <cstdio> #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <string> using namespace std; // TemplateVector - a simple templatized array template <class T> class TemplateVector { public: TemplateVector(int nArraySize) { // store off the number of elements nSize = nArraySize; array = new T[nArraySize]; reset(); } int size() { return nWriteIndex; } void reset() { nWriteIndex = 0; nReadIndex = 0; } void add(T object) { if (nWriteIndex < nSize) { array[nWriteIndex++] = object; } } T get() {

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return array[nReadIndex++]; } protected: int nSize; int nWriteIndex; int nReadIndex; T* array; }; // exercise two vectors, one of integers and another of names void intFn(); void nameFn(); int main(int argc, char* pArgs[]) { intFn(); nameFn(); system( PAUSE ); return 0; } // Integers - manipulate a collection of integers void intFn() { // create a vector TemplateVector<int> integers(10); // add values to the vector cout << Give me a series integer values to add to a vector\n << (Enter a negative number to terminate): << endl; for(;;) { int n; cin >> n; if (n < 0) { break; } integersadd(n); } cout << \nHere are the numbers you entered << endl; for(int i = 0; i < integerssize(); i++) { cout << i << : << integersget() << endl; } } // Names - create and manipulate a vector of names class Name {

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public: Name(char* n = ) : name(n) {} string display() { return name; } protected: string name; }; void nameFn() { // create a vector TemplateVector<Name> names(10); // add values to the vector cout << Enter names\n << (Enter an x to quit): << endl; for(;;) { char buffer[80]; do { cingetline(buffer, 80); } while(strlen(buffer) == 0); if (stricmp(buffer, x ) == 0) { break; } namesadd(Name(buffer)); } cout << \nHere are the names you entered << endl; for(int i = 0; i < namessize(); i++) { Name name = namesget(); cout << i << : << namedisplay() << endl; } }

The template class TemplateVector<T> contains an array of objects of class T The template class presents two member functions: add() and get() The add() function adds an object of class T into the next empty spot in the array The corresponding function get() returns the next object in the array The TemplateVector program instantiates this vector class once for simple