Commanding with regular verbs in Visual Studio .NET

Draw QR Code in Visual Studio .NET Commanding with regular verbs

The subjunctive comes in handy when you want to give a formal command You use the present subjunctive of the Ud or Uds form of a verb to form either an affirmative or negative formal command Here s a quick refresher course on forming the present subjunctive: 1 Drop the final -o from the yo form of the present tense 2 For infinitives ending in -ar, add -e for Ud and -en for Uds For infinitives ending in -er or -ir, add -a for Ud and -an for Uds 3 To form the negative, simply put no before the verb Here s a chart to help you see these changes in action:

-ar verbs firmar (to sign) yo firmo (I sign) [No] Firme (Ud) ([Don t] Sign) [No] Firmen (Uds) ([Don t] Sign) -er verbs comer (to eat) yo como (I eat) [No] Coma (Ud) ([Don t] Eat) [No] Coman (Uds) ([Don t] Eat) -ir verbs subir (to go up) yo subo (I go up) [No] Suba (Ud) ([Don t] Go up) [No] Suban (Uds) ([Don t] Go up)

The following list shows some regular verbs in action in commands: Trabajen cuidadosamente (Work carefully) No trabajen tan despacio (Don t work so slowly) Lea en voz alta (Read aloud) No lea esa carta (Don t read that letter) Escriba c mo se llega a su casa (Write how to get to your house) No escriba nada (Don t write anything) You don t feel well and decide to go to the doctor for a checkup Complete her written instructions to you by giving the formal singular command form of the verbs I provide in parentheses Here s an example:

1 2 3 4 5 6

To create both affirmative and negative commands in Spanish, you have to use the present subjunctive forms (see 7) for all verbs with irregular yo forms, with spelling changes, with stem changes, and with a combination And some verbs have irregular command forms that have to be memorized Fortunately for you, there are very few of these verbs Table 9-1 starts you off by helping you navigate verbs with irregular yo forms

Part III: Writing for Specific Clarity Table 9-1

(no) diga(n) (no) haga(n) (no) oiga(n) (no) ponga(n) (no) salga(n) (no) tenga(n) (no) traiga(n) (no) valga(n) (no) venga(n)

(don t ) tell (don t ) do (don t ) hear (don t ) put (don t ) leave (don t ) have (be) (don t ) bring (don t ) be worth (cost ) (don t ) come

The examples that follow show you how to use these verbs in the imperative: Siempre digan la verdad (Always tell the truth) No tenga miedo (Don t be afraid) Table 9-2 highlights Spanish verbs with spelling changes in the imperative

Table 9-2

(no) saque(n) (no) pague(n) (no) organice(n)

(no) obedezca(n) (no) conduzca(n) (no) escoja(n) (no) exija(n) (no) distinga(n)

These examples show how to use verbs with spelling changes in commands: Saque su tarjeta de cr dito (Take out your credit card) No conduzca tan r pidamente (Don t drive so fast) Table 9-3 covers verbs that require stem changes in the imperative mood

9: Getting Attention with Commands Table 9-3

-ar verbs cerrar (e to ie) mostrar (o to ue) enviar (i to ) continuar (u to ) -er and -ir verbs perder (e to ie) volver (o to ue) mentir (e to ie) dormir (o to ue) pedir (e to i) destruir (add y) (no) pierda(n) (no) vuelva(n) (no) mienta(n) (no) duerma(n) (no) pida(n) (no) destruya(n) (don t ) lose (don t ) return (don t ) lie (don t ) sleep (don t ) ask (for) (don t ) destroy (no) cierre(n) (no) muestre(n) (no) env e(n) (no) contin e(n) (don t ) close (don t ) show (don t ) send (don t ) continue