Part III: Writing for Specific Clarity in VS .NET

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31 Clara se explica con claridad ______________________________________________________________________________ 32 Pilar contesta con cortes a ______________________________________________________________________________ 33 Miguel hace preguntas con frecuencia ______________________________________________________________________________ 34 Ana participa con felicidad ______________________________________________________________________________

The use of certain adjectives and adverbs can require some thought and an understanding of the function of the parts of speech in English Alas, their use in Spanish can be just as tricky The following list presents some adjective/adverb situations that can trip you up when learning how to use these tools in Spanish: Buen(o/a)(s) and mal(o/a)(s) are adjectives (and must agree in number and gender with the nouns they modify) that mean good and bad, respectively, and bien and mal are adverbs (requiring no agreement) that mean well and badly/poorly, respectively Ellas tienen muchas buenas (malas) ideas (They have many good [bad] ideas) Elena juega bien (mal) (Elena plays well [poorly]) The Spanish words m s (more), menos (less, fewer), mejor (better), peor (worse), mucho (much, many), poco (little, few), and demasiado (too much, too many) may be used as adjectives or adverbs As adjectives, m s and menos remain invariable; mejor and peor add -es to agree only with noun plurals that they modify; and mucho, poco, and demasiado agree in number and gender with the nouns they modify As adverbs, all these words remain invariable Look at the following sentences where adjectives appear in the first examples and adverbs are used in the second examples: Samuel tiene m s (menos) energ a (Samuel has more [less] energy) Samuel trabaja m s (menos) en rgicamente (Samuel works more [less] energetically) Teodoro tiene mejores (peores) notas (Theodore has better [worse] grades) Teodoro se aplica mejor (peor) (Theodore applies himself better [worse]) Da muchas (pocas, demasiadas) excusas (He gives many [few, too many] excuses) Piensa mucho (poco, demasiado) (He thinks a lot [a little, too much])

You generally place adverbs directly after the verb they modify Sometimes, however, the position of the adverb is variable and is placed where you d logically put an English adverb: Hablas espa ol elocuentemente (Do you speak Spanish eloquently ) Afortunadamente, yo recib el paquete (Fortunately, I received the package)

Describe the following workers by completing each sentence with the correct form of the adjective or adverb indicated Here s an example:

Q (mucho) Alonso gana _________________ porque hace _________________ trabajo A Alonso gana mucho porque hace mucho trabajo (Alonso earns a lot because he does a lot

of work) 35 (malo) Antonio reacciona _________________ porque recibe _________________ noticias 36 (mejor) Carolina tiene _________________ resultados porque trabaja _________________ 37 (bien) El se or L pez es un _________________ profesor porque ense a _________________ 38 (m s) Vicente tiene _________________ dinero porque ahorra _________________ 39 (demasiado) Felipe tiene _________________ problemas porque se preocupa _________________ de todo 40 (poco) Clara tiene _________________ energ a porque come _________________

You generally make comparisons by using adjectives or adverbs You can make comparisons of equality or inequality, and you can use superlatives Making comparisons in Spanish isn t easy, but the previous sections of this chapter, along with the following sections, present you with all the tools you need English, comparatives usually end in -er: She is taller than I He runs faster than they

Comparisons of equality show that two things or people are the same In Spanish, whether you re using an adjective or an adverb, you make the comparison the same way You use tan (as) + adjective or adverb + como (as), as shown here: Dolores es tan conscienzuda como Jorge (Dolores is as conscientious as George) Ella estudia tan diligentemente como l (She studies as diligently as he does) Remember that when you use an adjective, it must agree in number and gender with the subject You can make negative comparisons by putting no before the verb: T no eres tan trabajadora como l (You are not as hard-working as he is) T no escuchas tan atentamente como Juan (You don t listen as attentively as Juan)