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Styling Your Web Pages with CSS

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Using embedded styles

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The style element is used to contain CSS code that you want to work with inside a given Web page CSS styles contained inside the page itself are often called embedded styles Suppose that you want to use 10-point Arial as the default font for all paragraph text in a Web page You can add the following style element inside the <head> section of your document:

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All the paragraph text in your document is displayed in 10-point Arial type when you display the text Now suppose that you want to redesign your site and use 12-point Georgia instead To adjust the paragraph style for all p elements inside your page, you only need to tweak the CSS rule:

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When the document is displayed, all paragraphs are displayed in the new font settings

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Applying CSS Styles to a Web Page

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You can control whether a CSS style applies to a single paragraph, certain paragraphs, a whole page, or the entire site We explore this topic fully in 2 of this minibook

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Using an external style sheet

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A style sheet is an ordinary text file (with a css extension) that you can use to define your styles across multiple pages on your Web site You need to link only to the style sheet into your HTML document to then apply the styles Suppose that you create a file named globalcss that contains the following code:

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p { font-family: Georgia; font-size: 12pt; }

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We want to apply that default style across our Web site Therefore, for each page, we need to connect to the globalcss file The standard way in which you can link the style sheet is with the link element, which is added inside the document head:

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Note that, in this example, the globalcss is located in the same folder as the HTML file

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Using inline styles

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Every visible HTML element has a style attribute that you can use to directly add CSS properties Because you selected the element in which you want to apply the style to by yourself, you don t add the selector portion of a CSS rule for inline styles You define only the CSS properties For example, if you want to set the font for a paragraph by using an inline style, your code would look something like this:

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<p style= font-family:Georgia; font-size:12pt >Welcome to the ice cream social</p>

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Note that multiple properties need to be separated by semicolons

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Inheriting Properties

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Use inline styles sparingly They can be handy by freeing you from defining your style elsewhere; the style definition is good for only that element and cannot be reused

Styling Your Web Pages with CSS

Inheriting Properties

An HTML document is made up of a set of elements that form a containment hierarchy The html element is king of the hill because it contains every other element in the page The head and body elements are the other two major containers and typically contain many more elements For example, consider the following document:

<html> <head> </head> <body> <div> <p>this is a <span>paragraph</span></p> </div> </body> </html>

The span element is contained by the p, div, body, and html elements We could write the hierarchy to look something like this:

html > body > div > p > span

The containment hierarchy is important to understand as you begin to work with CSS When you apply CSS rules to your HTML document, the CSS properties can occasionally have a ripple effect throughout the document The reason is that some properties are inherited by an element (a child ) that s contained inside another element (the parent) The font and most other text-related settings, for example, are inherited properties Therefore, if you set the font-family property in the body element, all elements inside the document body take on this property:

body { font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans; }

Cascading Styles

Therefore, if you have another element that you don t want to have this property, you need to explicitly write a rule that changes the font-family to something else Other properties aren t inherited, including the margin, border, padding, and background properties Therefore, consider the following code snippet:

Book V 1 in Java Making ECC200 in Java Book V 1

Book V 1 in Java

Making ECC200 in Java Book V 1